291 QUAL I TÉ GÉOPHYSIQUEAPPLIQUÉE Synthesis G. Paixach and J.L. Mari A range of geothermal systems The first deliberate attempt to generate power from geothermal energy was made in 1904 in Larderello, Italy, where the French engineer François Jacques de Larderel used steam from a geothermal well to generate electricity. Since then, geothermal technology has evolved significantly, with modern techniques now allowing us to drill deep into the Earth and access high-temperature geothermal reservoirs. However, it’s essential to recognize that geothermal energy is not a one-size-fits-all resource. We can classify geothermal systems based on the intended usage, the fluid or geological context involved, and even the energy production design. Classifying by usage: • Direct Use of Hot Water: This is one of the oldest and most straightforward uses of geothermal energy, in which naturally heated water (30–80 °C) from geothermal springs or wells is used for heating buildings, agricultural greenhouses, aquaculture ponds, and industrial processes. • Electricity Generation: Higher temperatures, typically above 150°C, are required to produce electricity. In these systems, steam from geothermal reservoirs drives turbines connected to generators. These are commonly used in areas with high geothermal activity, like volcanic regions. © EDP Sciences, 2025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-3752-6.c905
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