6 Seismic Imaging 2.5 Second example of a seismic refraction application: Hydrogeology 53 2.6 Conclusion 58 References 59 Chapter 3 • Seismic tomography 63 M. Mendes 3.1 Transmission tomography example: surface seismic field data 65 3.1.1 Geophysical survey 66 3.1.2 Tomographic methodology 67 3.1.3 Data pre-processing 68 3.1.4 Results and discussion 69 3.1.5 Conclusions 71 3.2 Reflection tomography example: cross-hole field data 73 3.2.1 Seismic survey 74 3.2.2 Data processing 75 3.2.3 General interpretation 76 3.2.4 Conclusions 77 3.3 Diffraction tomography example: Borehole field data 77 3.3.1 Vertical seismic profile (VSP) field data 78 3.3.2 Cross-hole field data 82 3.4 General conclusion 89 References 89 Chapter 4 • Near-surface reflection surveying 91 J.-L. Mari 4.1 General notes about acquisition and survey design 93 4.2 Comments on the reflection seismic processing sequence 98 4.3 Near-surface imaging 98 4.4 A Hydrogeology example 112 4.5 Conclusion 120 References 120 Chapter 5 • Full waveform inversion 123 H. Chauris 5.1 Overview 123 5.2 History 124 5.3 Formalism 125 5.4 Applicability and practical aspects 128
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