91 QUAL I TÉ GÉOPHYSIQUEAPPLIQUÉE 4 Near-surface reflection surveying 6 J.-L. Mari Seismic reflection is the most widely used seismic technique. It has the advantage of being able to provide a picture of the subsurface in two or three dimensions (2D or 3D) in a regular grid (Figure 4.1). For the last two decades there has been significant progress in 3D seismic technology. Between 1990 and 1996 there was an exponential increase in the number of 3D seismic surveys carried out by many major oil companies to cover their offshore fields. Today, 3D land seismic acquisition is also developing very rapidly. The technology has reduced many uncertainties in oil and gas exploration and production, and it benefits greatly from developments in other fields such as computing, GPS positioning, an increased number of channels in instrument recording, improvements in processing software, etc. 3D data are now increasingly used for field development and production and not only as an exploration tool. Pre-planning of This chapter of Seismic Imaging: a practical approach is published under Open Source Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC-ND allowing non-commercial use, distribution, reproduction of the text, via any medium, provided the source is cited. © EDP Sciences, 2019 DOI: 10.1051/978-2-7598-2351-2.c006
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