Seismic Imaging: a pratical approach

Cover	I
Contents	5
Foreword	9
J.-L. Mari, M. Mendes	9
Introduction	13
J.L. Mari, M. Mendes	13
1. Wave propagation	17
J.-L. Mari	17
1.1 Seismic wave equation	19
1.2 Seismic methods	23
1.3 Example of field records	26
1.4 Wave separation	30
1.5 Conclusion	34
References	34
2. Refraction surveying	35
J.-L. Mari	35
2.1 Refraction surveying: Plus-Minus and GRM methods	36
2.2 Amplitudes of refracted waves	42
2.3 Recommendations for refraction surveying	44
2.4 First example of a seismic refraction application: static corrections	46
2.5 Second example of a seismic refraction application: Hydrogeology	53
2.6 Conclusion	58
References	59
3. Seismic Tomography	63
M. Mendes	63
3.1 Transmission tomography example: surface seismic field data	65
3.1.1 Geophysical survey	66
3.1.2 Tomographic methodology	67
3.1.3 Data pre-processing	68
3.1.4 Results and discussion	69
3.1.5 Conclusions	71
3.2 Reflection tomography example: cross-hole field data	73
3.2.1 Seismic survey	74
3.2.2 Data processing	75
3.2.3 General interpretation	76
3.2.4 Conclusions	77
3.3 Diffraction tomography example: Borehole field data	77
3.3.1 Vertical seismic profile (VSP) field data	78
3.3.2 Cross-hole field data	82
3.4 General conclusion	89
References	89
4. Near-Surface Reflection surveying	91
J.-L. Mari	91
4.1 General notes about acquisition and survey design	93
4.2 Comments on the reflection seismic processing sequence	98
4.3 Near-surface imaging	98
4.4 A Hydrogeology example	112
4.5 Conclusion	120
References	120
5. Full Waveform Inversion	123
H. Chauris	123
5.1 Overview	123
5.2 History	124
5.3 Formalism	125
5.4 Applicability and practical aspects	128
5.5 Examples	133
5.6 Conclusions	142
References	143
6. Hybrid seismic imaging	147
M. Mendes, J.L. Mari, M. Hayet	147
6.1 Refraction-reflection imaging	149
6.2 Refraction-surface waves imaging	154
6.3 Conclusion	161
References	162
7. Integrated Seismic Study Focus on “Cigéo”, the French Geological Repository Project	163
J.L. Mari and B. Yven	163
7.1 Geological setting	164
7.2 Seismic designs and processing sequence	167
7.3 Depth conversion	175
7.4 Amplitude quality control	182
7.5 Q factor	183
7.6 Mechanical properties	188
7.7 Hydrogeological Study	193
7.8 Conclusion	195
Acknowledgements	197
References	197
Synthesis	201
J.L. Mari, M. Mendes, H. Chauris	201
Conclusion	205
J.L. Mari, M. Mendes	205

RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy NjA3NzQ=