Well seismic surveying and acoustic logging

Cover	I
Contents	5
Foreword	9
Introduction	11
1. Shear velocity measurement in boreholes	15
1.1 Context	15
1.1.1 Overview of invasive and non-invasive Vs measurements	15
1.1.2 Applications	17
1.1.3 Environmental conditions	18
1.2 Vs measurements by borehole seismic method	19
1.2.1 Downhole	21
1.2.1.1 The acquisition device	21
1.2.1.2 Analysis of a downhole (DH)	26
1.2.1.3 The specific example of offshore	29
1.2.2 Uphole	30
1.2.3 Crosshole	30
1.2.3.1 Prerequisites	31
1.2.3.2 The acquisition device	32
1.2.3.3 Crosshole analysis	36
1.3 Vs measurement by logging	39
1.3.1 Acoustic logging with high vertical resolution	39
1.3.2 PS Suspension Logging (PSSL)	41
1.4 Case study of a downhole acquisition, PSSL and acoustic logging, in the same borehole	44
1.5 Conclusion	46
References	47
2. Well seismic surveying	49
2.1 Introduction	49
2.2 Well seismic data acquisition	53
2.2.1 Necessary resources for data acquisition	53
2.2.2 Implementation in the field	53
2.2.2.1 Description of classical VSP operation in a vertical well	53
2.2.2.2 Well probes	54
2.2.2.3 Seismic source	56
2.2.2.4 Acquisition parameters	56
2.2.2.5 Security	57
2.2.2.6 Quality Control	57
2.2.2.7 Production	57
2.3 Seismic waves	57
2.4 Processing sequence	62
2.5 Application with a geotechnical dataset	71
2.6 Conclusion	74
References	76
3. Acoustic logging	77
3.1 Introduction	77
3.2 Acoustic logging data acquisition	79
3.2.1 Necessary resources for data acquisition	80
3.2.2 Implementation in the field	80
3.2.2.1 Description of an acoustic logging operation in a vertical borehole	80
3.2.2.2 Acoustic probes	81
3.2.2.3 Acquisition and visualization parameters	84
3.2.2.4 Acoustic logging in deviated well	84
3.2.2.5 Security	84
3.2.2.6 Quality control	84
3.2.2.7 Production	84
3.3 Acoustic waves	85
3.4 Processing sequence	88
3.5 Acoustic imaging	91
3.5.1 Refraction acoustic imaging	91
3.5.2 Reflection acoustic imaging	95
3.6 Characterization of a formation using Stoneley waves	97
3.7 Conclusion	100
References	101
4. Tying surface seismic data	103
4.1 Introduction	103
4.2 3D VHR seismic survey and VSP	104
4.3 Acoustic logging	108
4.4 Acoustic logs	109
4.5 Time conversion of acoustic logs and calculation of the synthetic seismogram	111
4.6 Integrated sonic time and VSP vertical time	113
4.7 Conclusion	116
References	116
5. Contribution of seismic and acoustic methods to the characterization of karstic formations	117
5.1 Introduction	117
5.2 Geological context	118
5.3 3D seismic acquisition and processing	120
5.4 Well seismic measurements	124
5.5 Monopole full waveform acoustic logging	127
5.6 Conclusion	131
5.7 Acknowledgements	132
References	132
Conclusion	135

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